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Children's Health Children's Diseases and Conditions Autism

Autism Observed: A Conversation with Child Psychiatrist Dr. Milton Anderson


Author:

Erica Heilman

Medical Reviewer:

Robert Daigneault, MD

Medically Reviewed On: September 25, 2002

Parents are usually the first to notice. Their child does not like to be touched or held. When the child is 2 years old, he or she makes some progress in communicating, only to lose those skills later on. He or she is fascinated by the wheels of a toy car, but not by the car itself. By 3 years old, the signs of autism are hard to ignore.

It is estimated that as many as 2 to 6 in 1,000 children are born with some degree of autism, which refers to a spectrum of pervasive developmental disorders. It ranges from mild to severe. The mildest form is Asberger's disorder, and at the other end, is the most severe form, true autism, which affects an estimated 1 in 2,000 children.

As a child and adolescent psychiatrist at Ochsner Clinic Foundation in New Orleans, Dr. Milton Anderson has worked with hundreds of autistic children. Below, he describes the signs of autism, and offers advice to parents about treatment and setting realistic expectations for progress.

What are the characteristics of autistic disorder?
The first is a problem with nonverbal social communication, or how a child communicates with others when not using their words. This can include the way that he or she uses their body, or the way that they show emotions with facial expressions, gestures or eye contact.

The second component is a delay in language development. This can be measured by a speech and language pathologist, but it's usually obvious to parents by the time the child is 18 months old. Commonly, an autistic child will start off with normal development, progressing to a couple of word phrases, but then loses those language milestones.

The third cluster of symptoms that make up autistic disorder is behavioral rigidity. This can include obsessive interest, or a preoccupation with something very specific or odd. They are often interested in just the parts of things. For example, while most children might be very interested in dinosaurs, a child with autistic disorder might be extremely interested in only the tail or mouth.

What causes autism?
The causes of autistic disorder seem to relate to problems in brain development that occur in either the first or second trimester. In most children, if the history is examined closely enough, there are signs that the disorder is present from birth.

Is autism the result of childhood immunizations?
The loss of language skills in autistic children usually occurs when they receive their first set of immunizations. This has given rise to the theory that it is a reaction to the immunizations, or a reaction to contaminants in immunizations.

This has been hotly debated, and it continues to be a debate, but the vast majority of experts in the field do not believe that this has anything to do with the cause of autistic disorder.

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